| 翻訳と辞書 |
| patient participation ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
patient participation
Patient participation, also called shared decision-making, is a process in which both the patient and physician contribute to the medical decision-making process. Under this operating system, health care providers explain treatments and alternatives to patients in order to provide the necessary resources for patients to choose the treatment option that most closely aligns with their unique cultural and personal beliefs. In contrast, the current dominant form of medicine, the biomedical care system, places physicians in a position of authority with patients playing a passive role in care. Under this paradigm, known as medical paternalism, physicians instruct patients about what to do, and the patients often follow the physicians' advice. Relatively recently, however, a general shift has occurred in which patients are more involved in medical decision-making than before. A recent review of 115 patient participation studies, for example, found that the majority of respondents preferred to participate in medical decision-making in only 50% of studies prior to 2000, while 71% of studies after 2000 found a majority of respondents who wanted to participate. Variations of each method, including medical paternalism and patient participation, may be preferred by different patients.
Many health agencies, including the American Cancer Society and the American College of Physicians, recommend a shared decision model in their medical practices.
== Patient autonomy and informed consent ==
In recognition of the fact that many factors influence medical decisions, the basic premise of patient participation emphasizes patient autonomy. The model recognizes that patients have personal values that influence the interpretation of risks and benefits differently from a physician. Frequently, there is more than one option with no clear choice of which option is best; this occurs when the decision at hand is about a preference-sensitive condition. In certain situations, for example, the physician's point of view may differ from the decision that aligns most with the patient's values, judgments, and opinions. For this reason, informed consent is at the core of shared decision-making. That is, without fully understanding the advantages and disadvantages of all treatment options, patients cannot engage in making decisions based on their personal values and beliefs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「patient participation」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|